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<p>
An <b>article</b> or <b>piece</b> is a <a href="Written_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Written work">written work</a> published in a <a href="Publishing" title="Publishing">print</a> or <a href="Electronic_media" title="Electronic media">electronic</a> medium, for the propagation of news, research results, academic analysis or debate.
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="News_style" title="News style">News style</a></div>
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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="News" title="News">News</a></li>
<li> (<a href="Headline" title="Headline">Headline</a> · <a href="Byline" title="Byline">Byline</a> · <a href="Dateline" title="Dateline">Dateline</a> · <a href="Report" title="Report">Report</a> · <a href="Column_(periodical)" title="Column (periodical)">Column</a> · <a href="Opinion_piece" title="Opinion piece">Opinion piece</a> · <a href="Editorial" title="Editorial">Editorial</a> · <a href="Op-ed" title="Op-ed">Op-ed</a>)</li>
<li><a href="News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a> · <a href="Inverted_pyramid_(journalism)" title="Inverted pyramid (journalism)">Inverted pyramid</a> · <a href="Journalese" title="Journalese">Journalese</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics and standards</a> (<a href="Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li>
<li><a href="News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li>
<li><a href="Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Sources</a></li>
<li><a href="Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li>
<li><a href="Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li>
<li><a href="Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li>
<li><a href="Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;">
<a href="Beat_reporting" title="Beat reporting">Beats</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li>
<li><a href="Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li>
<li><a href="Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="Local_news" title="Local news">Local</a></li>
<li><a href="Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li>
<li><a href="Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li>
<li><a href="Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li>
<li><a href="Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li>
<li><a href="War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li>
<li><a href="Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li>
<li><a href="World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;">
Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li>
<li><a href="Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li>
<li><a href="Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li>
<li><a href="Breaking_news" title="Breaking news">Breaking news</a></li>
<li><a href="Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li>
<li><a href="Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li>
<li><a href="Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li>
<li><a href="Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li>
<li><a href="Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li>
<li><a href="Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li>
<li><a href="Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li>
<li><a href="Enterprise_journalism" title="Enterprise journalism">Enterprise</a></li>
<li><a href="Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li>
<li><a href="Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li>
<li><a href="Feature_story" title="Feature story">Feature story</a></li>
<li><a href="Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li>
<li><a href="Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li>
<li><a href="Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li>
<li><a href="Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a>/<a href="Soft_media" title="Soft media">Soft media</a></li>
<li><a href="Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li>
<li><a href="Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li>
<li><a href="Long-form_journalism" title="Long-form journalism">Long-form</a></li>
<li><a href="Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li>
<li><a href="Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li>
<li><a href="New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li>
<li><a href="Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li>
<li><a href="Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li>
<li><a href="Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime</a></li>
<li><a href="Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li>
<li><a href="Public_service_journalism" title="Public service journalism">Public service</a></li>
<li><a href="Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li>
<li><a href="Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a>/<a href="Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow</a></li>
<li><a href="Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li>
<li><a href="Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li>
<li><a href="Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;">
Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li>
<li><a href="Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li>
<li><a href="Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li>
<li><a href="Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li>
<li><a href="Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li>
<li><a href="Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li>
<li><a href="News_desert" title="News desert">News desert</a></li>
<li><a href="News_embargo" title="News embargo">News embargo</a></li>
<li><a href="Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li>
<li><a href="Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;">
<a href="News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a> · <a href="Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Online</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li>
<li><a href="News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li>
<li><a href="Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary film</a></li>
<li><a href="Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li>
<li><a href="News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li>
<li><a href="Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;">
Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">
<ul><li><a href="Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a>
<ul><li><a href="Safety_of_journalists" title="Safety of journalists">Safety</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li>
<li><a href="Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li>
<li><a href="Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li>
<li><a href="Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li>
<li><a href="Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li>
<li><a href="News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li>
<li><a href="Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li>
<li><a href="Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul>
</td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AJournalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li>
<li>Category: Journalism</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
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<p>A <b>news article</b> discusses current or recent news of either general interest (i.e. daily <a href="Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a>) or of a specific topic (i.e. political or trade news <a href="Magazine" title="Magazine">magazines</a>, club newsletters or technology news websites).
</p><p>A news article can include accounts of eyewitnesses to the happening event. It can contain photographs, accounts, statistics, graphs, recollections, interviews, polls, debates on the topic, etc. Headlines can be used to focus the reader's attention on a particular (or main) part of the article. The writer can also give facts and detailed information following answers to general questions like <a href="Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">who, what, when, where, why and how</a>.
</p><p>Quoted references can also be helpful. References to people can also be made through the written accounts of interviews and debates confirming the factuality of the writer's information and the reliability of his source. The writer can use redirection to ensure that the reader keeps reading the article and to draw her attention to other articles. For example, phrases like "Continued on page 3" redirect the reader to a page where the article is continued.
</p><p>While a good conclusion is an important ingredient for newspaper articles, the immediacy of a deadline environment means that <a href="Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">copy editing</a> occasionally takes the form of deleting everything past an arbitrary point in the story corresponding to the dictates of available space on a page. Therefore, newspaper reporters are trained to write in <a href="Inverted_pyramid_(journalism)" title="Inverted pyramid (journalism)">inverted pyramid</a> style, with all the most important information in the first paragraph or two. If the less vital details are pushed toward the end of the story, then the potentially destructive impact of draconian copy editing will be minimized.
</p><p>Types of news articles include:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Breaking_news" title="Breaking news">Breaking news</a>, a quick, tentative update about an event that is happening right now</li>
<li><a href="Hard_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard news">News reports</a>, e.g., a <a href="Local_news" title="Local news">local news</a> report about plans for a new school, or a <a href="World_news" title="World news">world news</a> report about a natural disaster</li>
<li><a href="Feature_story" title="Feature story">Feature story</a>, longer, more creatively written articles that include both <a href="Human-interest_stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-interest stories">human-interest stories</a> and news features</li>
<li><a href="Investigative_reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative reporting">Investigative reports</a> and <a href="Enterprise_journalism" title="Enterprise journalism">enterprise news reports</a>, based on the journalist's decision to investigate a subject that has not been publicized</li>
<li>Lead-alls, a central article that provides an overview of major news events and connects to related articles on narrower subjects;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="Column_(periodical)" title="Column (periodical)">Columns</a>, a recurring item</li>
<li><a href="Opinion_pieces" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion pieces">Opinion pieces</a>, including <a href="Editorials" class="mw-redirect" title="Editorials">editorials</a> (written by the editors of the publication) and <a href="Op-eds" class="mw-redirect" title="Op-eds">op-eds</a> (written by people outside the news organization)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarly">Scholarly</h2></div>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing § Scholarly paper</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like "><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academic_publishing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
In academic publishing, a paper is an academic work that is usually published in an <a href="Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a>. It contains original research results or reviews existing results. Such a paper, also called an article, will only be considered valid if it undergoes a process of <a href="Academic_peer_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic peer review">peer review</a> by one or more <i>referees</i> (who are academics in the same field) who check that the content of the paper is suitable for publication in the journal. A paper may undergo a series of reviews, revisions, and re-submissions before finally being accepted or rejected for publication. This process typically takes several months. Next, there is often a delay of many months (or in some fields, over a year) before an accepted manuscript appears.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is particularly true for the most popular journals where the number of accepted articles often outnumbers the space for printing. Due to this, many academics <a href="Self_archiving" class="mw-redirect" title="Self archiving">self-archive</a> a '<a href="Pre-print" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-print">preprint</a>' or '<a href="Postprint" title="Postprint">postprint</a>' copy of their paper for free download from their personal or institutional website.</div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic">Electronic</h2></div>
<p><b>Electronic articles</b> are articles in scholarly journals or magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission. They are a specialized form of <a href="Electronic_document" title="Electronic document">electronic document</a>, with a specialized content, purpose, format, <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> and availability – they consist of individual articles from scholarly journals or magazines (and now sometimes popular magazines), they have the purpose of providing material for academic research and study, they are formatted approximately like printed journal articles, the metadata is entered into specialized databases, such as the <a href="Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">Directory of Open Access Journals</a> as well as the databases for the discipline, and they are predominantly available through <a href="Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic libraries</a> and special <a href="Library" title="Library">libraries</a>, generally at a fixed charge.
</p><p>Electronic articles can be found in <a href="Online_and_offline" title="Online and offline">online</a>-only journals (par excellence), but in the 21st century they have also become common as online versions of articles that also appear in printed journals. The practice of <a href="Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">publishing of an electronic version</a> of an article before it later appears in print is sometimes called <b>epub ahead of print</b> (particularly in <a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>ahead of print</b> (<b>AOP</b>), <b>article in press</b> or <b>article-in-press</b> (<b>AIP</b>), or <b>advanced online publication</b> (<b>AOP</b>) (for example, in the context of <a href="CrossRef" class="mw-redirect" title="CrossRef">CrossRef</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Murray_2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="Version_of_record" title="Version of record">version of record</a> (VoR) represents the definitive form of the article. Electronic VoRs remain largely stable, although a few types of changes may be made: most importantly, errors in the VoR, whose corrections are announced by <a href="Erratum" title="Erratum">errata or corrigenda</a>, are often corrected within an electronic VoR itself, so that readers of the VoR will not be unnecessarily confused or misled, and the VoR then makes reference to the erratum or corrigendum for clarity's sake. The other class of changes is that if an author in the <a href="Byline" title="Byline">byline</a> has had a legal <a href="Name_change" title="Name change">name change</a> since the VoR was published, the byline of the electronic VoR may be updated to show their current name, depending on each publisher's stated policy.
</p><p>The term <i>electronic articles</i> can also be used for the electronic versions of less formal publications, such as online archives, working paper archives from universities, government agencies, private and public think tanks and institutes and private websites. In many academic areas, specialized <a href="Bibliographic_database" title="Bibliographic database">bibliographic databases</a> are available to find their online content.
</p><p>Most commercial sites are <a href="Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">subscription</a>-based or sell pay-per-view access. Many universities subscribe to electronic journals to provide access to their students and faculty, sometimes other people. An increasing number of journals are now available with open access, requiring no subscription. Most working paper archives and articles on personal homepages are free, as are collections in <a href="Institutional_repository" title="Institutional repository">institutional repositories</a> and <a href="Disciplinary_repository" title="Disciplinary repository">subject repositories</a>.
</p><p>The most common formats of transmission are <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> and, in specialized fields like mathematics and physics, <a href="TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> and <a href="PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></li>
<li><a href="Article_directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Article directory">Article directory</a></li>
<li><a href="Electronic_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic article">Electronic article</a></li>
<li><a href="Electronic_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic journal">Electronic journal</a></li>
<li><a href="Eprint" title="Eprint">Eprint</a>
<ul><li><a href="Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li>
<li><a href="Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Scholarly_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholarly article">Scholarly article</a></li>
<li><a href="Scientific_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific article">Scientific article</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFMcAleavy2018" class="citation news cs1">McAleavy, Emma L. (11 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/reader-center/biggest-news-stories-lede-all.html">"Writing Rough Drafts of History: How The Times Presents the Biggest News Stories"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119081653/http://www.gwumc.edu/library/blog/client/index.cfm/2007/11/26/Epub-ahead-of-print-What-does-this-mean">"Himmelfarb Library Blog: Epub ahead of print… What does this mean??"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwumc.edu/library/blog/client/index.cfm/2007/11/26/Epub-ahead-of-print-What-does-this-mean">the original</a> on 2010-01-19.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Murray_2021-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_2021_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2021" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Bruce (2021-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crossref.org/documentation/crossmark/version-control-corrections-and-retractions/">"Version control, corrections, and retractions"</a>. <i>www.crossref.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-11</span></span>.</cite></span>
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